宁夏2019参加全国个人剂量监测能力考核结果分析

目的 通过分析2019年参加全国放射工作人员个人剂量监测能力考核结果，了解本省实验室个人剂量监测系统运行状况，进一步提高监测能力和水平。方法 参加2019年全国放射工作人员个人剂量监测能力考核，并对考核结果进行分析总结。结果 本次能力考核检测报告获得满分10分，且单组性能偏差在-0.04～0.01（均符合|P_i| ≤ 0.10），同时综合性能偏差B² + S² ≤ 0.10（B为综合判定指标，S为综合标准偏差），故而实验得70满分，总分达到80分可参加评定优秀的要求，经评定质控分为17.3分，Q值为97.3（Q值 ≥ 95为优秀），故本实验室个人剂量监测能力考核结果为优秀。结论 宁夏个人剂量监测实验室系统运行良好，检测结果准确、误差范围较小，可满足国家职业性外照射个人剂量监测相关标准要求。     

基于岗位管理的基层医院专科护士使用及考核的现状调查研究

目的调查四川省基层医院专科护士使用和考核现状,对其使用和考核体系进行探索。方法于2017年9月7-15日,采用问卷调查法对四川省38所二级及三级乙等医疗单位专科护士的使用和发展现状进行调查。结果共有38所医院参与网络问卷调查,其中34.21%的医院未针对专科护士设置岗位,岗位职责不清晰。有73.68%的专科护士未进行资质再认证,60.53%的专科护士学成后未进行专科资质再考核。结论我国对专科护士能力的评价认证体系尚未形成统一标准,对专科护士的培养条件也未形成统一标准。护士岗位管理中设置专科护士岗位能促进专科护士的职业发展规划,有利于专科护士使用和考核。     

右美托咪定对老年机械通气患者睡眠与认知的影响

目的 探讨老年机械通气患者使用右美托咪定对睡眠和认知功能的影响。方法 自2018年1月～2019年12月,将我院ICU老年呼吸机患者随机分为右美托咪定组和咪达唑仑组,每组30例。用脑电双频指数监测镇静深度,以多导睡眠检测仪记录睡眠脑电图。记录两组呼吸机使用期间不良反应的发生次数。通过ICU模糊评估方法(CAM-ICU)评估两组患者在7 d内出现谵妄的病例数。使用PSQI和MMSE量表追踪患者3个月的睡眠质量和认知功能状态。结果 右美托咪定组的睡眠效率显著更高(P0.05)。7 d内谵妄发生率右美托咪定组较咪达唑仑组患者显著减少(P0.05)。两组患者在ICU期间发生呼吸抑制不良事件发生率有显著差异(P0.05),但意外脱管和心血管事件的不良事件发生率无显著差异(P0.05)。两组在3个月时的MMSE评分有显着差异(P0.05),但PSQI检查无统计学差异(P0.05)。结论 对于有短期机械通气的老年患者,右美托咪定的镇静作用是理想的。     

温针灸阳陵泉穴治疗膝关节骨性关节炎临床疗效观察

目的:观察温针灸阳陵泉穴治疗膝关节骨性关节炎的临床疗效。方法:将2015年1月至2019年1月本院收治的膝关节骨性关节炎患者120例,根据随机数字表法分为对照组和观察组,每组60例。对照组给予等速肌力训练治疗,观察组在对照组的基础上加用温针灸阳陵泉穴治疗。观察两组患者膝关节屈曲度、伸直度,白细胞介素(interleukin,IL)-6及IL-18水平,VAS评分及膝关节症状和功能评分。结果:观察组治疗后屈曲度及伸直度均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组治疗后IL-6及IL-18水平均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组治疗后VAS评分低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组治疗后症状和功能评分高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组有效率95.0%,对照组有效率83.3%,观察组有效率高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:温针灸阳陵泉穴治疗膝关节骨性关节炎,可有效改善患者膝关节活动度,降低炎症因子,减轻疼痛,提高临床疗效。     

Have outcomes following extremely preterm birth improved over time?

Increased survival of infants born preterm, especially those born extremely preterm (<28 weeks’ gestation), has meant that more are reaching later childhood and adulthood. As preterm birth is associated with a higher risk of neurodevelopmental deficits, the aim of this review was to determine whether or not the advances in perinatal care that led to improved survival have also had a positive impact on long-term neurodevelopment. Studies examining temporal changes in neurodevelopment are limited, and only from high-income countries. However, based on available published data, there is no definite trend of improved neurodevelopment at school age for neurosensory, cognitive, academic achievement, motor or executive function with time. Cerebral palsy rates, however, may be decreasing. More research is needed into the potential contributors for the trends observed, and also for other outcomes such as mental health and behavior.     

Physical Activity is Associated With Fewer Subjective Cognitive Complaints in 47 Low- and Middle-Income Countries

ObjectivesTo determine the association between physical activity (PA) and subjective cognitive complaints (SCCs), and the influential factors in this association.DesignCross-sectional study.Setting and ParticipantsCommunity-based data of the World Health Survey, which included 248,504 individuals from 47 low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), were analyzed [mean age = 38.6 (standard deviation 16.1) years; 50.7% female].MethodsPA was assessed with the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. Participants were grouped into those who meet (high PA) the 150 minutes of moderate-to-vigorous intensity PA per week recommendation, and those who do not (low PA). Two questions on subjective memory and learning complaints in the past 30 days were used (scales ranged from 1 to 5, with higher scores representing more severe SCC). Multivariable ordinal logistic regression and mediation analyses were performed.ResultsOverall, after adjusting for sociodemographic and a wide range of behavioral, psychological, and physical factors, low PA was associated with a higher risk for having more severe subjective memory complaints [odds ratio (OR) = 1.10, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.04-1.23] and learning complaints (OR = 1.18, 95% CI = 1.12-1.26). Significant associations were only observed among the middle-aged (45-64 years; learning complaints OR = 1.19, 95% CI = 1.06-1.33) and older populations (≥65 years; memory complaints OR = 1.31, 95% CI = 1.15-1.49, and learning complaints OR = 1.41, 95% CI = 1.24-1.60). Chronic physical conditions, sleep problems, depression, and anxiety explained between 7.7% and 29.4% of the PA-SCC association among those aged ≥45 years.Conclusions and ImplicationsLow PA was associated with increased odds for more severe SCCs in middle-aged and older adults in LMICs. Given the particularly rapid increase in dementia in LMICs, more longitudinal research is warranted from this setting to understand the utility of PA promotion in the prevention of cognitive impairment.     

前庭刺激对人脑事件相关电位的影响

目的本研究采用事件相关电位(ERPs)技术探讨前庭刺激对人脑加工功能的影响。方法选取15名健康男子进行实验。实验中受试者坐于转椅上,在下述条件下完成视觉操作任务:(1)实验测试,(2)对照测试,同时记录原始脑电资料。结果前庭刺激后,结果显示CPZ和PZ位置得到的差异波振幅均可见有显著性的改变,在前庭刺激后均明显减小。结论前庭刺激对人体的其他功能产生了明显影响,受试者在对视觉信号的感知时,特别是对需要选择的信号,明显产生了抑制现象。